Đế Chế và Tiên Tri: Daniel Phục Vụ Dưới Babylon và Ba Tư, và Tiên Tri Bảy Mươi Tuần

when was daniel deported to babylon, and when the Babylon empire was taken by the Assyrian. Please give scripture reeferences

Excellent question — this involves key turning points in Israel’s and Mesopotamia’s history, and it’s important to separate Daniel’s deportation to Babylon from the fall of the Assyrian Empire (since Babylon conquered Assyria, not the other way around).

Let’s go carefully step by step with dates, history, and Scriptural references.

🕎 1. Daniel’s Deportation to Babylon

📖 Biblical Background

Daniel was among the first group of captives taken to Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon after the first siege of Jerusalem.

Key passages:

Daniel 1:1–6 – “In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and besieged it… And the king commanded Ashpenaz… to bring some of the people of Israel, both of the royal family and of the nobility… Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah were among them.”

2 Kings 24:1 – “In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his servant three years; then he turned and rebelled against him.”

🗓 Historical Date

605 BC — the first deportation of Jews to Babylon (including Daniel).

This occurred right after Babylon defeated Egypt at the Battle of Carchemish (Jeremiah 46:2), marking Babylon’s dominance in the Near East.

Babylon made Judah a vassal state and took hostages from the royal family (like Daniel).

🧭 Summary:

⚔️ 2. Fall of the Assyrian Empire to Babylon

📖 Historical Context

Before Babylon became the world power, Assyria was the dominant empire. But it fell due to a coalition of Babylon and the Medes.

🗓 Timeline:

🧩 Putting It All Together

🪔 Summary Answer

Daniel was deported to Babylon in 605 BC, during Nebuchadnezzar’s first campaign against Jerusalem (Daniel 1:1–6).

Babylon conquered the Assyrian Empire earlier, between 612–609 BC — Babylon did not fall to Assyria; rather, Assyria fell to Babylon.

Nineveh’s fall (612 BC) fulfilled the prophecies of Nahum.

By 605 BC, Babylon ruled the entire former Assyrian territory.

Would you like me to include the later two deportations of Judah (597 and 586 BC) to show Daniel’s timeline within the full Babylonian captivity cycle?

when was the babylonian empire taken by the persian in one night as stated in the book of daniel. please give references

Excellent question — that “one night” fall of Babylon is one of the most dramatic moments in Scripture and ancient history. Let’s look closely at when it happened, what Scripture says, and what history confirms.

🏙️ 1. The Fall of Babylon — The Event

📖 Scriptural Account

The fall of Babylon is described in Daniel 5 — the story of Belshazzar’s feast:

Daniel 5:1–5, 25–31 (selected):

King Belshazzar made a great feast… Suddenly the fingers of a human hand appeared and wrote on the plaster of the wall…

“This is the interpretation of the matter: MENE, MENE, TEKEL, PARSIN… Your kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians.”

“That very night Belshazzar the Chaldean king was slain. And Darius the Mede received the kingdom, being about sixty-two years old.”

→ Summary: Babylon fell in one night, exactly as Daniel prophesied during Belshazzar’s feast.

📜 2. Historical Background

🗓 Date of the Fall

Most historians date the fall of Babylon to the night of October 12, 539 BC (by modern calendar reckoning).

The Persian army, led by Cyrus the Great, conquered Babylon by diverting the Euphrates River and entering under the walls.

The Babylonian king Nabonidus (Belshazzar’s father) was absent, while Belshazzar was killed that night — fulfilling Daniel 5:30.

Ancient historical sources:

Herodotus (Histories 1.191) and Xenophon (Cyropaedia 7.5) record the capture of Babylon by Cyrus through the river channel.

The Nabonidus Chronicle (a Babylonian clay tablet) confirms that Babylon fell without major battle, and the city was taken by surprise.

⚔️ 3. Transition to Persian Rule in Scripture

🧭 4. Summary Table

🪔 5. Prophetic Fulfillment

The fall of Babylon also fulfilled earlier prophecies:

✅ In Summary:

Fall of Babylon: October 12, 539 BC

Scriptural Reference: Daniel 5:1–31

Fulfilled Prophecies: Isaiah 13–14, Jeremiah 50–51

Historical Record: Cyrus the Great’s conquest, confirmed by the Cyrus Cylinder and Nabonidus Chronicle

Result: Babylon fell in one night — exactly as Daniel recorded.

Would you like me to explain how Cyrus’s decree (538 BC) connects with Daniel’s prayer in Daniel 9 and the prophecy of the 70 years of captivity? It ties beautifully into this timeline.

so how many empires daniel served? and how long from the time of his deportation till the fall of babylion empire?

Excellent question — and you’re noticing exactly what the Book of Daniel helps us see: Daniel lived through the rise and fall of great world empires.

Let’s go carefully step by step.

🧭 1. How Many Empires Daniel Served

Daniel’s life spanned two world empires:

So:

✅ Daniel served under 2 major empires: Babylon and Medo-Persia.

🕰️ 2. How Long Between Daniel’s Deportation and Babylon’s Fall

Step 1 — Daniel’s Deportation

Daniel 1:1–6 — Taken to Babylon in the third year of Jehoiakim,

which corresponds to 605 BC (Nebuchadnezzar’s first attack on Jerusalem).

Step 2 — Fall of Babylon

Daniel 5:30–31 — “That very night Belshazzar the Chaldean king was slain. And Darius the Mede received the kingdom.”

Historical date: 539 BC

Step 3 — Calculate the Duration

From 605 BC (deportation) → 539 BC (Babylon’s fall)

= 66 years.

🧩 3. Summary Timeline

📜 4. Daniel’s Age and Length of Service (Approx.)

Likely teenager (15–17 years old) when exiled in 605 BC

About 80–85 years old when Babylon fell in 539 BC

Lived into the early Persian period (still active in Daniel 10:1, during the 3rd year of Cyrus, ~536 BC)

📖 Daniel 10:1 — “In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a word was revealed to Daniel…”

So he served faithfully for about 70 years total, through two empires — from Nebuchadnezzar to Cyrus.

✅ Summary Answer:

Empires Daniel served: 2 (Babylonian and Medo-Persian)

Years from deportation to Babylon’s fall: ~66 years (605 BC → 539 BC)

Daniel’s total public service: ~70 years

Would you like me to show how Daniel’s 70 years of service correspond prophetically to Jeremiah’s 70 years of captivity prophecy and Daniel’s prayer in Daniel 9? They align perfectly.

Excellent — this is one of the most profound and precise prophecies in all of Scripture.

The “Seventy Weeks” prophecy (Daniel 9:24–27) bridges directly from Daniel’s own time of exile to the coming of the Messiah, Jesus Christ, and even to the future consummation of God’s plan.

Let’s go step by step and unpack it carefully.

🕊️ 1. Setting the Scene — Daniel’s Prayer and God’s Reply

After Daniel realizes Jeremiah’s 70 years of captivity are ending (Daniel 9:1–2), he prays in repentance for his people’s sins (Daniel 9:3–19).

God responds through the angel Gabriel with a message that extends the timeline beyond those 70 literal years to “seventy sevens” — a symbolic and prophetic span of 490 years.

📖 2. The Prophecy Itself (Daniel 9:24–27)

Daniel 9:24–27 (summary):

“Seventy ‘sevens’ are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness…

From the issuing of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until the Anointed One (Messiah), the ruler, there will be seven ‘sevens’ and sixty-two ‘sevens’…

After the sixty-two ‘sevens,’ the Anointed One will be cut off and have nothing…

Then the people of the ruler who is to come will destroy the city and the sanctuary…”

🧮 3. Meaning of “Seventy Weeks”

In Hebrew, the term “week” (שָׁבוּעַ / shavua) literally means a “seven” — not necessarily a week of days, but a unit of seven.

Here, the prophecy speaks of 70 sevens = 490 years (70 × 7).

So God extends the theme of “70 years” (Jeremiah’s captivity) to 70 × 7 years, representing God’s larger redemptive plan.

🗓️ 4. The Starting Point: “From the Decree to Restore Jerusalem”

Gabriel says the countdown begins:

“From the issuing of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem…” (Daniel 9:25)

There were several Persian decrees concerning Jerusalem, but the one that explicitly authorized rebuilding the city itself (not just the Temple) is found in Nehemiah 2:1–8, when Artaxerxes I gave Nehemiah permission to rebuild Jerusalem’s walls.

Date: 445 BC (Artaxerxes’ 20th year)

🧩 5. The Timeline of the “Seventy Weeks”

✝️ 6. Fulfillment in Jesus Christ

Step 1 — The Coming of the Messiah

From 445 BC (Artaxerxes’ decree) counting 483 years (7 + 62 “weeks”), you reach roughly AD 27–33, depending on calendar system — the time of Jesus’ public ministry.

“Until the Anointed One, the ruler, comes…” (Daniel 9:25)

→ Fulfilled when Jesus began His ministry and was publicly revealed as Messiah.

Step 2 — “The Anointed One will be cut off”

Daniel 9:26 — “After the sixty-two weeks, the Anointed One will be cut off and shall have nothing.”

“Cut off” = Hebrew karath — to be killed.

Fulfilled when Jesus was crucified, rejected by His people, “having nothing” (no earthly kingdom).

This happened around AD 30–33, within the prophetic timeline.

Step 3 — “He will confirm a covenant with many for one ‘seven’…” (v.27)

Jesus established the new covenant with His blood (Luke 22:20).

For the first part of that final “week,” the gospel went primarily to Israel through Jesus and His apostles.

After His ascension, the gospel extended to the Gentiles (Acts 10 onward).

Step 4 — “The people of the ruler who will come will destroy the city and the sanctuary.”

Fulfilled in AD 70, when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and the Second Temple, just as Jesus had prophesied (Matthew 24:1–2).

🧭 7. Summary Timeline

🌅 8. Spiritual Meaning

The prophecy’s purpose:

“To finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness.” (Daniel 9:24)

These were all fulfilled in Christ:

So the “seventy weeks” is God’s panoramic view of salvation history, climaxing in Jesus the Messiah, who brings eternal redemption.

✅ Summary Answer

Would you like me to show how different Christian traditions (Evangelical, Catholic, Orthodox, etc.) interpret the final “week” — whether it refers to Christ’s ministry, the church age, or a future tribulation period?

Event

Date (approx.)

Scripture

Nebuchadnezzar’s first siege of Jerusalem

605 BC

Daniel 1:1–6; 2 Kings 24:1

Daniel taken to Babylon

605 BC

Daniel 1:3–6

Event

Approx. Date

Details & References

Fall of Nineveh (Assyrian capital)

612 BC

Babylon (under Nabopolassar, Nebuchadnezzar’s father) and the Medes captured and destroyed Nineveh. Prophecy fulfilled from Nahum 1–3.

Fall of Harran (last Assyrian stronghold)

609 BC

Remaining Assyrian forces defeated. Egypt tried to aid them (2 Kings 23:29–30; 2 Chronicles 35:20–24). This led to King Josiah’s death at Megiddo.

Battle of Carchemish

605 BC

Babylon under Nebuchadnezzar defeated Egypt and the last Assyrian remnants — recorded in Jeremiah 46:2. This cemented Babylon’s empire.

Date (BC)

Event

Scripture

612

Nineveh falls to Babylon & Medes (Assyria destroyed)

Nahum 1–3 (prophecy)

609

Harran falls; Josiah dies at Megiddo

2 Kings 23:29–30; 2 Chr. 35:20–24

605

Battle of Carchemish — Babylon defeats Egypt & last Assyrians

Jeremiah 46:2

605

Daniel deported in Nebuchadnezzar’s first capture of Jerusalem

Daniel 1:1–6; 2 Kings 24:1

Event

Approx. Year

Scripture

The writing on the wall — “Mene, Mene, Tekel, Parsin”

539 BC

Daniel 5:25–28

Belshazzar killed that night

539 BC

Daniel 5:30

“Darius the Mede received the kingdom” (governor under Cyrus)

539 BC

Daniel 5:31; 6:1

Cyrus’ decree allowing Jews to return to Jerusalem

538 BC

Ezra 1:1–4; 2 Chronicles 36:22–23

Event

Date (BC)

Main Scripture References

Historical Confirmation

Babylon falls to Medo-Persia in one night

539 BC (Oct 12)

Daniel 5:1–31

Nabonidus Chronicle; Cyrus Cylinder

Darius the Mede rules (as governor under Cyrus)

539–538 BC

Daniel 6:1

Mentioned as transitional ruler

Cyrus issues decree to rebuild the Temple

538 BC

Ezra 1:1–4; 2 Chr. 36:22–23

Cyrus Cylinder inscription

Prophecy

Fulfillment

Isaiah 13:17–19 – “I will stir up the Medes against them… Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, will be overthrown like Sodom and Gomorrah.”

Fulfilled in 539 BC

Jeremiah 51:31–33, 57 – “One runner runs to meet another… to tell the king of Babylon that his city is taken on every side… I will make drunk her princes and they shall sleep a perpetual sleep.”

Fulfilled in Belshazzar’s feast scene

Daniel 2:39 – “After you shall arise another kingdom inferior to yours.”

The Medo-Persian Empire succeeded Babylon

Empire

Main Ruler(s) Daniel Served

Scripture References

Approx. Dates

Babylonian Empire

Nebuchadnezzar II, Belshazzar, and possibly Nabonidus

Daniel 1–5

605–539 BC

Medo-Persian Empire

Darius the Mede, Cyrus the Great

Daniel 6, 9–12

539 BC onward

Year (BC)

Event

Scripture

605

Daniel deported to Babylon

Daniel 1:1–6

604–562

Daniel serves under Nebuchadnezzar II

Daniel 1–4

562–539

Daniel serves under later Babylonian kings (Evil-Merodach, Nabonidus/Belshazzar)

Daniel 5

539

Babylon falls to Medo-Persia

Daniel 5:30–31

538+

Daniel serves under Darius the Mede and Cyrus the Persian

Daniel 6, 9–12

Segment

Duration

Key Event

7 weeks (49 years)

Rebuilding of Jerusalem

Nehemiah’s time (445–396 BC)

62 weeks (434 years)

Period between rebuilding and Messiah’s arrival

434 years later

1 week (7 years)

Final period leading to Messiah’s atonement and covenant fulfillment

Christ’s ministry and beyond

Prophetic Period

Historical Fulfillment

Scripture

7 weeks (49 yrs)

Rebuilding of Jerusalem (445–396 BC)

Neh. 2–6

62 weeks (434 yrs)

Waiting for the Messiah (396 BC – AD 27)

Daniel 9:25

“Messiah cut off”

Crucifixion of Christ (~AD 30)

Daniel 9:26; John 19

City destroyed

Jerusalem destroyed by Rome (AD 70)

Daniel 9:26; Matt. 24:2

Total = 70 weeks (490 yrs)

God’s redemptive timeline from restoration → Messiah → judgment

Daniel 9:24–27

Prophetic Goal

Fulfillment in Christ

“Finish transgression”

Jesus bore sin (Isaiah 53:5–6)

“Put an end to sin”

His sacrifice broke sin’s dominion (Romans 6:10)

“Atone for iniquity”

His blood made atonement (Hebrews 9:12)

“Bring in everlasting righteousness”

Justification through faith (Romans 3:21–26)

Aspect

Explanation

Starting Point

Decree to rebuild Jerusalem (445 BC, Nehemiah 2)

Total Duration

70 “weeks” = 490 years

Messiah Appears

Around AD 27–30 (Jesus’ ministry)

Messiah Cut Off

Crucifixion (AD 30–33)

City Destroyed

Jerusalem and Temple destroyed (AD 70)

Ultimate Fulfillment

Christ’s atonement and everlasting righteousness (Daniel 9:24)